UNHCR Protection Manual - Related sources

On the practice and justification of Italy's "push-back" operations, i.e. interception or interdiction at sea; the extra-territorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement; the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, including reception and detention conditions and risk of refoulement

This paper examines the mixed movement of people that is currently taking place between the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes region to the southern part of the continent. This paper opens with a global perspective on these issues, defining the notion of mixed movements and explaining why in recent years it has attracted growing attention from the international community. The paper then goes on to provide an account of the mixed movements that are currently taking place to and within Southern Africa. It also identifies some of the key policy and operational issues arising from this phenomenon, and examines some recent approaches and initiatives that have been taken in relation to this matter.