UNHCR Protection Manual

On due process guarantees in the context of accelerated procedures and the right to an effective remedy.

whether asylum claims based on sexual orientation amount to well-founded fear of persecution according to the 1951 Convention; if and to what extent applicants can be expected to avoid persecution by hiding their identities.

This research represents the most comprehensive publicly-available comparative analysis of asylum procedure law and practice undertaken since the Asylum Procedures Directive’s (APD) adoption. The issues of credibility and evidence assessment did not form a specific topic of focus of the research. Nevertheless, in the context of the research, some limited information emerged regarding the treatment of credibility and the use of Country of Origin Information (COI) in asylum decisions. Findings and recommendations relating to credibility and evidence assessment set out in brief in the report have been collated in this document.

Availability and effectiveness of State protection when the agents of persecution are non-State actors.

On accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement

on the scope of Article 1F(b) and (c); exclusion in cases involving membership of a terrorist organization; proportionality.

On the object and purpose of Subsidiary Protection Status under the EC Qualification Directive of 29 April 2004; the context and object of Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive; the meaning of "individual threat"; the meaning of "internal armed conflict"; the meaning of "indiscriminate violence"; the meaning of a real risk of a threat to life or person.