UNHCR Protection Manual

The Protection Manual is UNHCR's repository of protection policy and guidance. The documents are listed in reverse chronological order.

A. International Protection
A.

Refugee law instruments

International instruments

Regional instruments – Africa

Regional instruments – North Africa and the Middle East

Regional instruments – Americas

Regional instruments – Asia

Regional instruments – Europe, Council of Europe

Regional instruments – Europe, European Union

UNHCR mandate and supervisory responsibility

Executive Committee Conclusions

General Assembly and Economic and Social Council Resolutions

UNHCR and Humanitarian Reform
B. Refugee Protection
B.

Inclusion (article 1A(2))

Inclusion – general

Persecution

Agents of Persecution

Outside country of origin

Persons fleeing armed conflict and other situations of violence

Religious-based refugee claims

Membership of a particular social group

Gender-related persecution

Victims of trafficking

Child asylum claims

Sexual orientation and gender identity

Claims related to military service – Conscientious objection / Draft evasion / Desertion

Internal flight / relocation alternative

Safe countries of origin / Safe third countries / Safe first country of asylum / 'Secondary' or 'onward' movement

Family Unity and Derivative Refugee Status

Claims in the context of climate change and disasters

Political Opinion

Cessation (article 1C)

Article 1D – Palestinian refugees

Exclusion

Article 1E

Article 1F

Cancellation and revocation of refugee status

Regional Refugee Definitions and Complementary forms of protection

Country-related guidance

Country-of-origin information and guidance, standards and procedures

Eligibility guidelines

Protection considerations, non-return advisories and other country-specific guidance

'Country-of-asylum' guidance

Procedures

Procedural safeguards / Due process rights

Credibility assessment / Use of country of origin information / Use of expert advice and evidence / Burden and standard of proof

UNHCR mandate procedures

Prima facie recognition

State Procedures

Effective remedies and access to courts

Reception

Entry (article 31) / Freedom of movement (article 26) / (alternatives to) detention

Expulsion and non-refoulement (articles 32 and 33)

Expulsion (article 32)

Non-refoulement (article 33(1))

Exceptions (article 33(2))

Diplomatic assurances

Extradition

Rights of asylum-seekers and refugees

Employment / Self-reliance (articles 17-19)

Housing, Land and Property (article 21)

Education (article 22)

Social welfare / Public relief (article 23-24)

Health

Other rights / Levels of attachment

(-) Identity papers / Convention Travel Documents (articles 27-28)
C. Asylum and Migration
C.

Asylum – general

Access to territory and procedures

Asylum / Migration nexus

Smuggling / Trafficking

Asylum-seekers at sea / Maritime issues

Persons not in need of international protection / Return of persons who have had their asylum claim rejected / Re-admission agreements

National security / International crimes / Terrorism

Extraterritorial processing
D. Protection in Mass Influx Situations / Emergency Response
D.

Protection in mass influx situations / Emergency response – general

Temporary protection

Civilian character of asylum / Physical security of refugees

Armed conflict / Relations with the military

Camps

Registration
E. International Solidarity / Burden-sharing / Responsibility-sharing / Comprehensive Approach

E.
F. Specific Protection Priorities
F.

Women of Concern

Children of Concern

Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities

National, Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex persons

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

HIV/AIDS

Age, Gender and Diversity

Protection of Civilians
G. Durable Solutions
G.

Durable Solutions – General (in relation to both refugees and IDPs)

Return, Voluntary Repatriation and Reintegration

Resettlement

Local Integration in the Country of Asylum

Family Reunification
H. Statelessness
H.

International legal instruments relating to nationality and statelessness

UNHCR's statelessness mandate

Guidance on specific aspects of UNHCR's mandate on identification, prevention, and reduction of statelessness and protection of stateless persons

Promotion of accession to the statelessness conventions
I. Internally Displaced Persons
I.

Normative framework on IDPs

Policy guidance regarding IDPs

Operational guidance regarding IDPs
J. Global Protection Cluster
J.

GPC guidance on IDPs

Protection Mainstreaming

Transformative Agenda
K. Displacement related to Climate Change and Disasters

K.
L. Human Rights

L.
M. Other Operational Guidance
M.

Data Protection

Relations with International Criminal Tribunals / ICC

Rule of Law

Partnerships and high-level agreements
N. Miscellaneous

N.

Identity papers / Convention Travel Documents (articles 27-28)

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Summary Conclusions of the Expert Roundtable on travel documents for persons in need of international protection and stateless persons

UNHCR together with the University of Essex convened on 22 and 23 October 2024 an Expert Roundtable held in Colchester, UK on travel documents for persons in need of international protection and stateless persons . The Roundtable was organized with support from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The objective of the Roundtable was to obtain a deeper understanding of legal and technical issues around travel documents for persons in need of international protection and stateless persons, explore areas for improvement, and enhance collaboration between key stakeholders. The document summarizes the discussions at the Expert Roundtable, highlighting protection safeguards as well as obstacles and solutions to issuing machine-readable travel documents, and makes multi-stakeholder recommendations for the way forward. These Summary Conclusions reflect the themes and understandings that emerged but they do not necessarily represent the views of individual participants or of UNHCR or ICAO.

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: 22 October 2024

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Guide for Issuing Machine Readable Convention Travel Documents for Refugees and Stateless Persons, jointly published by UNHCR and the ICAO

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: February 2017

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UNHCR intervention before the Court of Appeal of England and Wales in the case of The Queen on the Application of Al Rawi and Others (Appellants) and (1) The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and (2) The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondents)

The right and responsibility of one country which has recognized someone as a refugee to intervene with another on his or her behalf; scope and extent of the obligations of States Parties to the 1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol between themselves; Articles 16 and 25 of the 1951 Convention; extraterritorial effect of decision on refugee status; diplomatic protection; Convention Travel Documents.

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: 12 July 2006

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Note on follow-up to the earlier Conclusion of the Executive Committee on Travel Documents for Refugees

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: 3 July 1987

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Identity Documents for Refugees

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: 20 July 1984

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Note on Travel Documents for Refugees

Document source:
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Date: 30 August 1978

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