UNHCR Protection Manual
The Protection Manual is UNHCR's repository of protection policy and guidance. The documents are listed in reverse chronological order.
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Safe countries of origin / Safe third countries / Safe first country of asylum / 'Secondary' or 'onward' movement
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This annex to UNHCR’s note on the “externalization” of international protection (the ‘Note’) examines various policies and practices which effectively serve to “externalize” international protection obligations. It explains that measures designed, or effectively serving, to avoid responsibility or to shift, rather than share, burdens are contrary to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (‘1951 Refugee Convention’) and widely-accepted principles of international cooperation and solidarity. It further explains that such externalization measures are distinct from policies and practices adopted in accordance with international law, aimed at sharing international protection responsibilities in the spirit of international cooperation and solidarity.
- Document source:
- Date: 28 May 2021
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Annex to UNHCR Note on the "Externalization" of International Protection: Policies and practices related to the externalization of international protection, 28 May 2021, https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2021/123811 [accessed 30 April 2026]
This Note summarizes applicable legal standards and UNHCR’s positions regarding policies and practices which effectively serve to “externalize” international protection obligations.
- Document source:
- Date: 28 May 2021
- Document source:
- Date: September 2019
- Document source:
- Date: April 2018
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Legal considerations regarding access to protection and a connection between the refugee and the third country in the context of return or transfer to safe third countries, April 2018, https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/unhcr/2018/120729 [accessed 30 April 2026]
- Document source:
- Date: 15 July 2013
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of O.M. and D.S. v. Ukraine (Application No. 18603/12), 15 July 2013, https://www.refworld.org/jurisprudence/amicus/unhcr/2013/94688 [accessed 30 April 2026]
- Document source:
- Date: May 2013
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- Date: February 2011
- Document source:
- Date: 8 November 2005
High Commissioner's Forum, Convention Plus Core Group on Addressing Irregular Secondary Movements of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers: Joint Statement by the Co-Chairs, FORUM/2005/7, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 8 November 2005, https://www.refworld.org/policy/declas/unhcr/2005/46828 [accessed 30 April 2026]
- Document source:
- Date: 11 March 2004
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Convention Plus: Issues Paper Submitted by UNHCR on Addressing Irregular Secondary Movements of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers, FORUM/CG/SM/03, 11 March 2004, https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2004/12022 [accessed 30 April 2026]
- Document source:
- Date: 21 December 2003
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Informal Record: Open Meeting of States and Interested Parties on Secondary, Irregular Movements of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers (Geneva, 16 December 2003), FORUM/CG/SM/01, 21 December 2003, https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/unhcr/2003/34375 [accessed 30 April 2026]
